Efficiency, profitability, market structure — the analytical layer beneath the route map.
Gauge (seats/departure) × Stage length (miles) — bubble size = passengers carried all-time. Quadrants reveal carrier strategy at a glance.
Revenue ($B) × Net margin — bubble size = passengers carried in 2024. The horizontal line is break-even. Carriers above the line made money; below lost it.
FY 2024 financials — three lenses on how efficiently each carrier converts capital and labor into revenue.
Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) measures market power — sum of squared carrier pax-shares. Higher = more dominated by one carrier.
All-time passenger share by carrier type, plus post-pandemic recovery trajectory (2025 seats ÷ 2021 seats).
Across 50,161 US city-pairs — how many carry monopoly vs duopoly vs competitive service?
2025 vs 2024 seat capacity change by carrier — sorted by growth rate.